mountaineering in turkey
Mountain Climbing started for the first time in 1786 with the climb of two French,one is a doctor, to Mont Blanc (4807 mt), the highest summit of the Europe.After the first half of the 19th century in which there were some discovery and military purposed climbings, between 1850 and 1860 all the summits in Switzerland had been climbed by the climbers one after another.The period which was called the golden period of the European Mountaineering came to an end with the climb to the most difficult summit of the Alps,Matterhorn in 1865.After that, until the end of the century, all the summits of the Middle Europe had been climbed without failure.It was climbed to the highest summit of the Ands,Aconcagua (6960 mt) in 1897,Grand Teton (4190 mt) North America in 1898, St. Elias (5489 mt)Alaska in 1897 and the highest summit of North America,Mc Kinley (6194 mt) in 1913. In the first half of the 20th century, there were many climbs done by various mountaineers in addition to French,English and Swiss.
The most important climb was done to the Communism Summit (7495 mt),Pamir Mountain Chain. After the obvious calmness caused by the Second World War, French mountaineers climbed the most important summit of the Himalayas, Annapurnal (8138mt) in 1950. Right after that, all the other 8000 metres summits were climbed by the mountaineers one by one: Nanga Parbat (8138 mt) by Germans in 1953, K2 (8681 mt) by Italians in 1954,Lhotse (8516 mt) by Swiss in 1955, Makalu (8463 mt) by French.Among all those climbs ,the most sensational climb was the one done by Edmund Hillary and Tenzig Norgay to the most highest summit of the world, Everest (8848 mt) in 29 May 1953.The most difficult routes of the summits climbed in 1960s in Europe and America were attempted in the hard winter conditions. The most sensational one of those climbs was done to the 914 metres Sierra, Nevada Mountains by following the El Captain route in 1970 by Americans within 27 days.
The most important person of the high elevation mountaneering Reinhold Messner climbed Everest by going beyond 8000 metres defined as the deadline without using supplement oxygen with Peter Habbler in 1978.1980s was the period in which mountaineering was highly popularized.Millions of people in Europe and America started to wander along the mountains.Technological development in the mountaineering equipments and easiness of reaching to the mountains were the reasons for that widespread profession.From now on,it is possible to see queues on the path to the Mont Blanc’s climbing route.It can be climbed to Himalayas only by reservations.It is possible to wander along the hills of 8000 metres and high elevation walks with the programs of the tourism organizations.Everest which is full until the year 2000,shows hospitality to the hundreds of climbers ,live broadcasts and many more people and as a result of all those activities it faces with an unbelievable pollution. Getting more and more crowded everyday not only brings this high pollution but also many accidents.
